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combat support measures

Толкование Перевод

1 combat support measures

Военный термин: меры боевого обеспечения

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > combat support measures
2 combat support measures

меры боевого обеспечения

English-Russian military dictionary > combat support measures
3 measure

мера; мероприятие; степень; измерять; мерить

counter C3 measures — меры борьбы с системами оперативного управления и связи

electronic (warfare) support measures — меры обеспечения РЭБ; радио- и радиотехническая разведка, РРТР

— active measures

— administrative nonpunitive measure

— airfield survival measures

— alert measures

— ancillary measures

— anticounter battery measures

— antielectronic support measure

— antimechanized measures

— ASW measures

— AT measures

— cold casualty protective measures

— collective protective measures

— combat support measures

— concealment measure

— convoy control measures

— coordinate measure

— counter direction finding measures

— counter EW measures

— counter hydroacoustic measures

— counter sonar measures

— counterintelligence denial measures

— counterintelligence measures

— counter-laser EO measures

— counterradar measures

— counterradio measures

— countersuppression measures

— countersurprise measures

— countersurveillance measures

— counterterror measures

— defensive counterintelligence measures

— defensive measures

— deliberate concealment measures

— demonstration measures

— denial measures

— electronic protective measures

— emergency welfare measures

— EO support measures

— exercise safety measures

— graphic control measure

— individual protective measures

— measure of effectiveness

— military notification measure

— minefield measure of effectiveness

— mobilization measures

— non-circumvention measures

— nonnuclear environment troop control measures

— nonpunitive measure

— nuclear environment troop control measures

— offensive counterintelligence measures

— passive defense measures

— permissive fire support coordination measures

— premobilization measures

— prevention measures

— punitive measures

— radiation protection measures

— restrictive fire support coordination measures

— safety measures

— security measures

— security-support measures

— stabilizing measures

— take the enemy's measure

— unit protective measures

— war measures

— warfare measure

English-Russian military dictionary > measure
4 ship

корабль; судно; летательный аппарат, ЛА; дирижабль; самолет, вертолет; команда корабля; грузить(ся), принимать на борт; транспортировать; перевозить; отправлять; см. тж. craft

amphibious assault (helicopter) ship — десантный вертолетоносец

assault helicopter ship, dock — десантновертолетный корабль-док

assault ship, dock — десантный корабльдок

C2 ship — корабль управления; штабной корабль

inshore (direct) fire support ship — корабль (непосредственной) огневой поддержки десанта

landing ship, dock — десантный корабльдок

landing ship, emergency repair — десантная плавучая мастерская аварийного ремонта

landing ship, large — большой десантный корабль

landing ship, medium — средний десантный корабль

landing ship, small — малый десантный корабль

landing transport ship, dock — десантный транспорт-док

large assault ship, docking/personnel — большой войсковой десантный транспорт-док

maritime prepositioned (equipment) ship — судно-склад [транспорт] подвижного тылового обеспечения

maritime prepositioning (equipment) ship — судно-склад [транспорт] подвижного тылового обеспечения

medium assault ship, beaching — средний десантный корабль, способный подходить вплотную к берегу

— AA ship

— ABM ship

— active fleet ship

— administrative ship

— air defense control ship

— air defense ship

— air-capable ship

— air-control ship

— aircraft carrying ship

— aircraft direction ship

— air-cushion landing ship

— air-cushion ship

— all-nuclear ship

— all-purpose landing ship

— alternative packaged systems standard ship

— ammunition replenishment ship

— amphibious cargo ship

— amphibious command ship

— amphibious dock ship

— amphibious fire support ship

— amphibious heavy lift ship

— amphibious troop transport ship

— amphibious warfare ship

— antiland target action ship

— antimissile missile ship

— armament support ship

— armed surface ship

— assault command ship

— assault ship

— ASW air control ship

— ASW air cushion ship

— ASW helicopter carrier ship

— ASW ship

— aviation-capable ship

— barge transport ship

— BM carrier-decoy ship

— BM ship

— break-bulk ship

— cadre ship

— cargo container ship

— cargo replacement ship

— cargo-landing ship

— cargo-transport ship

— catamaran small waterline area ship

— central control ship

— coast defense ship

— combat stores ship

— combatant ship

— command ship

— commando ship

— communications relay ship

— communications ship

— control ship

— conventional displacement ship

— countermine measures ship

— decoy ship

— deep-sea miniature ship

— defense-equipped merchant ship

— depot ship

— direct fire support ship

— displacement-type ship

— dynamic displacement ship

— dynamically-supported ship

— early-warning ship

— ECM escort ship

— ELINT ship

— escort hydrofoil ship

— escort ship

— fast cargo container ship

— fast combat support ship

— fast deployment logistics ship

— fast general-purpose supply transport ship

— fast replenishment ship

— fast speed transport ship

— fast troop landing ship

— field ration issue ship

— fighting ship

— fire support ship

— flare ship

— fleet BM resupply cargo ship

— fleet BM ship

— fleet striking ship

— follow-on ship

— frigate research ship

— general purpose amphibious assault ship

— general purpose ship

— general stores issue ship

— GM escort ship

— GM ship

— guided weapon ship

— gunnery drill ship

— heavy-lift ship

— helicopter support ship

— helicopter-capable ship

— helicopter-equipped ship

— HQ landing ship

— HQ ship

— hydrofoil GM ship

— hydrofoil ship

— infantry landing ship

— landing craft repair ship

— landing force support ship

— landing ship

— landing transport ship

— large assault command ship

— large infantry landing ship

— large transport ship

— launch area support ship

— lead ship

— lift ship

— lift-on/lift-off ship

— lighter carrier ship

— lighter ship

— logistic landing ship

— low-physical field mine countermeasures ship

— major amphibious ship

— major surface ships

— military transport ship

— mine barrier breaching ship

— mine countermeasures ship

— mine hunter coastal ship

— mine search and sweep ship

— mine warfare ship

— minelayer ship

— mines-hunting ship

— minor amphibious ship

— miscellaneous command ship

— missile carrier ship

— missile range instrumentation ship

— missile support ship

— monitoring ship

— multimission ship

— multipurpose ship

— multirole sea power ship

— multirole ship

— national command ship

— NATO pool ship

— naval manned ship

— naval ship

— notional ship

— nuclear reactor recharging ship

— ocean surveillance ship

— offshore patrol ship

— open ship

— over-the-beach unloading cargo-transport ship

— patrol hydrofoil missile ship

— patrol ship

— power-projection ship

— pre-package cargo ship

— provision stores ship

— radar barrier ship

— radar control ship

— radar picket ship

— repeater ship

— replenishment ship

— rocket assault ship

— rocket landing ship

— roll-on/roll-off ship

— salvage and rescue ship

— scout ship

— screening ship

— sea control ship

— sealift ship

— ship of war

— sister ship

— slick ship

— small ammunition ship

— small tank-landing ship

— small waterline area single hull ship

— sonar picket ship

— sonar ship

— special armament and ammunition transport ship

— special support ship

— standby HQ ship

— stores support ship

— strategic control and communications ship

— strategic warfare ship

— submarine ship

— supply transport ship

— support ship

— surface effects ship

— surface ship

— tactical command ship

— tanker ship

— tank-landing ship

— task fleet command ship

— tender ship

— transport ship

— troop lift ship

— troop-cargo ship

— underway replenishment ship

— vehicle cargo ship

— vehicle landing ship

— vertical assault ship

— VTOL support ship

English-Russian military dictionary > ship
5 helicopter

вертолет

C2 helicopter — вертолет оперативного управления, штабной вертолет

helicopter with a flight refueling (probe) capability — вертолет с оборудованием для дозаправки топливом в воздухе

— adverse weather attack helicopter

— aerosol-dispenser helicopter

— aeroweapons helicopter

— air cavalry helicopter

— air defense helicopter

— airmobile helicopter

— air-to-air helicopter

— all-weather attack helicopter

— ambulance helicopter

— amphibious assault helicopter

— antiarmor helicopter

— antihelicopter helicopter

— armed helicopter

— armored attack helicopter

— Army helicopter

— artillery observation helicopter

— assault support helicopter

— ASW helicopter

— AT guided missile helicopter

— AT guided weapon helicopter

— AT helicopter

— attack helicopter

— battlefield helicopter

— bridge helicopter

— cable-laying helicopter

— cargo helicopter

— carrier-based helicopter

— CAS attack helicopter

— casualty helicopter

— combat EW and intelligence helicopter

— combat helicopter

— combat support helicopter

— combined helicopter

— communications helicopter

— compound helicopter

— countermeasures helicopter

— crane helicopter

— deck-pad helicopter

— designator helicopter

— drone antisubmarine helicopter

— drone helicopter

— ECM helicopter

— eseurt helicopter

— EW helicopter

— extraction helicopter

— fighter helicopter

— fire adjustment helicopter

— fire-fighting helicopter

— fire-support helicopter

— first-line utility helicopter

— flame-throwing attack helicopter

— frigate-carried ASW helicopter

— gunship helicopter

— heavy duty helicopter

— heavy lift helicopter

— hunter-killer helicopter

— launch helicopter

— liaison helicopter

— liaison/reconnaissance helicopter

— lift helicopter

— light helicopter

— logistics support helicopter

— loudspeaker helicopter

— low-altitude manned penetration system helicopter

— medical evacuation helicopter

— medium lift helicopter

— midair recovery system helicopter

— midair retrieval system helicopter

— military helicopter

— mine-countermeasures helicopter

— mine-detecting helicopter

— mine-laying helicopter

— mine-scattering helicopter

— mine-sweeping helicopter

— missile-armed helicopter

— missile-firing helicopter

— mock-up helicopter

— naval helicopter

— night-capable battlefield helicopter

— night-capable helicopter

— non-armed helicopter

— observation helicopter

— optical counter measures helicopter

— patrol ling helicopter

— photoreconnaissance helicopter

— popup helicopter

— quiet-rotors reconnaissance helicopter

— radar helicopter

— radar picket helicopter

— radar warning and jamming helicopter

— radio relay helicopter

— radioactive contamination survey helicopter

— rapid mining helicopter

— reconnaissance helicopter

— recovery helicopter

— refueling helicopter

— remotely piloted helicopter

— rescue-recovery helicopter

— resupply helicopter

— reversed velocity rotor helicopter

— scout helicopter

— search and rescue helicopter

— ship-based helicopter

— shipboard helicopter

— short wing helicopter

— short-range transport helicopter

— specialized gunship helicopter

— spotter helicopter

— spotter-director helicopter

— standoff target acquisition helicopter

— strike helicopter

— stub wing helicopter

— support helicopter

— tactical helicopter

— tactical utility helicopter

— tank-killing attack helicopter

— target designation helicopter

— target designator helicopter

— targeting helicopter

— torpedo-carrying helicopter

— transport helicopter

— troop lift helicopter

— unmanned miniature helicopter

— utility helicopter

— versatile helicopter

— very heavy lift helicopter

* * *

• вертолет

• вертолетный

English-Russian military dictionary > helicopter
6 CSM

1) Общая лексика: конфокальная сканирующая микроскопия (Confocal Scan Microscopy), Counter-Strike Mapping

2) Геология: Certified Survey Map

3) Авиация: Computer Software Manual, constant speed motor

4) Спорт: Card Shuffling Machine

5) Военный термин: Cheyenne Support Module, Commander, Submarines, Mediterranean, Company Sergent Major, Compartmented Security Mode, calendar maintenance supervisor, chief of staff memorandum, close support missile, close support mission, command sergeant major, communications security materials, communications security monitoring, company sergeant-major, continental shelf mine, critical supplies and materials

6) Техника: cement stabilized mine stone, clutter suppression measures, computerized semiconductor measurement system

7) Химия: Control Strip Module

8) Математика: метод выпуклого симплекса (convex-simplex method)

9) Религия: Christian Student Ministries

10) Фармакология: Комитет по безопасности лекарственных средств (в Соединенном Королевстве)

11) Астрономия: Central Star Magnitude

12) Грубое выражение: Crazy Stupid Man, Cute And Sexy Mama

13) Сокращение: Chemical Surety Material, Christian Science Monitor, Combat Support Module, Company Sergeant Major (British Army), Copper Stretch Metal, Customer Satisfaction Measurement (survey), cutter soil mix, Command and Service Module (Apollo spacecraft)

14) Университет: Christian Student Movement, Cluster System Management, College Of San Mateo, College Of Science And Mathematics, Colorado School of Mines

15) Физиология: Conventional Scientific Medicine

16) Электроника: Control System Management

17) Вычислительная техника: Central Services Module, Command and Service Module (Apollo spacecraft, Space)

18) Нефть: consolidated supply management

19) Иммунология: Clinically Standardized Meditation

20) Онкология: U K Committee on Safety of Medicines

21) Космонавтика: climate system monitoring (WMO), Communication Satellite Monitoring (мониторинг спутников связи)

22) Транспорт: Conceptual Site Model

23) Воздухоплавание: Command Service Module

24) Фирменный знак: Central Sugar Milling

25) Экология: Commission for Synoptic Meteorology, мониторинг климатической системы

26) Деловая лексика: Communications Sponsorship And Marketing, Component And Supplier Management, Corporate Sustainability Management, Customer Service Manager

27) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Center for Standardization and Metrology

28) Образование: Colorado School of Mines (автор: Есенжан)

29) Сетевые технологии: Call Switching Module, Communications Services Manager, central service module, центральный обслуживающий модуль

30) Полимеры: cation selective membrane, хлорсульфонированные полиэтилены

31) Пластмассы: ChloroSulfonated Polyethylene Rubber

32) Океанография: Climate System Monitoring, Cooperative Study in the Mediterranean

33) Химическое оружие: Chemical surety materiel

34) Микроскопия: confocal scanning microscopy, КСМ, конфокальный сканирующий микроскоп, конфокальный сканирующий микроскопия

35) Макаров: cement stabilized minestone, chopped strand mat, command and service module

36) Расширение файла: Borland C++ 4.5 Precompiled header, Control Strip Module (Macintosh), Code Set Map (file)

37) Энергосистемы: Capacity Support Mechanism

38) Имена и фамилии: Charles S. Morris

39) Фармация: Committee on the Safety of Medicines

40) Здравоохранение: Committee on Safety of Medicines

41) Чат: Cigarette Smoking Man

42) Аэропорты: CLINTON SHERMAN Airport, Sherman, Oklahoma

43) Программное обеспечение: Character Studio Marker

44) AMEX. Merrill Lynch & Company, Inc.

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > CSM
7 csm

1) Общая лексика: конфокальная сканирующая микроскопия (Confocal Scan Microscopy), Counter-Strike Mapping

2) Геология: Certified Survey Map

3) Авиация: Computer Software Manual, constant speed motor

4) Спорт: Card Shuffling Machine

5) Военный термин: Cheyenne Support Module, Commander, Submarines, Mediterranean, Company Sergent Major, Compartmented Security Mode, calendar maintenance supervisor, chief of staff memorandum, close support missile, close support mission, command sergeant major, communications security materials, communications security monitoring, company sergeant-major, continental shelf mine, critical supplies and materials

6) Техника: cement stabilized mine stone, clutter suppression measures, computerized semiconductor measurement system

7) Химия: Control Strip Module

8) Математика: метод выпуклого симплекса (convex-simplex method)

9) Религия: Christian Student Ministries

10) Фармакология: Комитет по безопасности лекарственных средств (в Соединенном Королевстве)

11) Астрономия: Central Star Magnitude

12) Грубое выражение: Crazy Stupid Man, Cute And Sexy Mama

13) Сокращение: Chemical Surety Material, Christian Science Monitor, Combat Support Module, Company Sergeant Major (British Army), Copper Stretch Metal, Customer Satisfaction Measurement (survey), cutter soil mix, Command and Service Module (Apollo spacecraft)

14) Университет: Christian Student Movement, Cluster System Management, College Of San Mateo, College Of Science And Mathematics, Colorado School of Mines

15) Физиология: Conventional Scientific Medicine

16) Электроника: Control System Management

17) Вычислительная техника: Central Services Module, Command and Service Module (Apollo spacecraft, Space)

18) Нефть: consolidated supply management

19) Иммунология: Clinically Standardized Meditation

20) Онкология: U K Committee on Safety of Medicines

21) Космонавтика: climate system monitoring (WMO), Communication Satellite Monitoring (мониторинг спутников связи)

22) Транспорт: Conceptual Site Model

23) Воздухоплавание: Command Service Module

24) Фирменный знак: Central Sugar Milling

25) Экология: Commission for Synoptic Meteorology, мониторинг климатической системы

26) Деловая лексика: Communications Sponsorship And Marketing, Component And Supplier Management, Corporate Sustainability Management, Customer Service Manager

27) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: Center for Standardization and Metrology

28) Образование: Colorado School of Mines (автор: Есенжан)

29) Сетевые технологии: Call Switching Module, Communications Services Manager, central service module, центральный обслуживающий модуль

30) Полимеры: cation selective membrane, хлорсульфонированные полиэтилены

31) Пластмассы: ChloroSulfonated Polyethylene Rubber

32) Океанография: Climate System Monitoring, Cooperative Study in the Mediterranean

33) Химическое оружие: Chemical surety materiel

34) Микроскопия: confocal scanning microscopy, КСМ, конфокальный сканирующий микроскоп, конфокальный сканирующий микроскопия

35) Макаров: cement stabilized minestone, chopped strand mat, command and service module

36) Расширение файла: Borland C++ 4.5 Precompiled header, Control Strip Module (Macintosh), Code Set Map (file)

37) Энергосистемы: Capacity Support Mechanism

38) Имена и фамилии: Charles S. Morris

39) Фармация: Committee on the Safety of Medicines

40) Здравоохранение: Committee on Safety of Medicines

41) Чат: Cigarette Smoking Man

42) Аэропорты: CLINTON SHERMAN Airport, Sherman, Oklahoma

43) Программное обеспечение: Character Studio Marker

44) AMEX. Merrill Lynch & Company, Inc.

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > csm
8 ASM

1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. American Society for Microbiology

2) Компьютерная техника: Abstract State Machine, Application Switch Menu, Application Switcher Menu

3) Авиация: Aircraft Schematic Manual, Airline Specific Manual, Aircraft System Manual, располагаемая место-миля ( сокр. от available seat-mile), располагаемые кресло-мили

4) Военный термин: Academy Sergeant Major, Active Shape Model, Airspace Management, Antarctica Service Medal, Armored Systems Modernization, Army Security Monitor, Army system management, Attache Support Message, Automated Scheduling Message, Auxiliary Storage Module, acting sergeant major, advanced scatterable mine, advanced surface missile, air service mechanic, air slewed missile, air superiority mission, air-to-surface missile, aircraft survival measures, airfield survival measures, antenna switching matrix, antiship missile, antisubmarine missile, armament sergeant major, artificer sergeant major, avionics shop maintenance

5) Техника: algorithmic state machine, application-specific memory, auxiliary storage manager

6) Экономика: Area Sales Manager

7) Автомобильный термин: acceleration simulation mode

8) Астрономия: Apollo Service Module, Apollo Systems Manual

9) Ветеринария: American Society of Mammalogists

10) Металлургия: American Society for Metals

11) Оптика: ampere second meter

12) Сокращение: Administrative Support Manual (USPS), Advanced Sea Mine, Anti-Shipping Missile, Armored System Modernization (land-combat vehicles), Armored Systems Modernization program (US Army), Assamese, Automatic Sorting Machine (NP4000 will replace), assemble (auto manufacturing)

13) Университет: Actuarial Study Materials

14) Электроника: Adaptive Site Molecule, Advanced Semiconductor Materials

15) Вычислительная техника: Advanced Server Management (Acer), Association of Systems Management (organization)

16) Связь: Analog Subscriber Module

17) Космонавтика: Austrian Society for Aerospace Medicine and Life Sciences

18) Транспорт: Active Stability Management, Air Space Monitoring, Available Seat Mile

19) Экология: American Society for Microbiology

20) SAP. союз работодателей машиностроительной промышленности

21) Почта: Administrative Support Manual

22) Образование: Associated Students Of Madison

23) Полимеры: American Society of Metals, anion selective membrane

24) Автоматика: automatic screw machine

25) Лесопиление: автоматизированный бревнопильный станок с поворотным диском (automated swingblade mill)

26) Авиационная медицина: audiosonometry

27) Расширение файла: Assembly language source code file, Assembler language source (TASM, MASM)

28) Нефть и газ: Area Safety Monitor

29) Майкрософт: диспетчер нежелательной почты Antigen

30) Общественная организация: Autism Society of Michigan

31) Должность: Assistant Service Manager

32) Чат: Alt Support Marriage

33) Аэропорты: Asmara, Eritrea

34) Программное обеспечение: Aix San Manager, Application Switcher Manager

35) Единицы измерений: Available Seat Miles

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > ASM
9 asm

1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. American Society for Microbiology

2) Компьютерная техника: Abstract State Machine, Application Switch Menu, Application Switcher Menu

3) Авиация: Aircraft Schematic Manual, Airline Specific Manual, Aircraft System Manual, располагаемая место-миля ( сокр. от available seat-mile), располагаемые кресло-мили

4) Военный термин: Academy Sergeant Major, Active Shape Model, Airspace Management, Antarctica Service Medal, Armored Systems Modernization, Army Security Monitor, Army system management, Attache Support Message, Automated Scheduling Message, Auxiliary Storage Module, acting sergeant major, advanced scatterable mine, advanced surface missile, air service mechanic, air slewed missile, air superiority mission, air-to-surface missile, aircraft survival measures, airfield survival measures, antenna switching matrix, antiship missile, antisubmarine missile, armament sergeant major, artificer sergeant major, avionics shop maintenance

5) Техника: algorithmic state machine, application-specific memory, auxiliary storage manager

6) Экономика: Area Sales Manager

7) Автомобильный термин: acceleration simulation mode

8) Астрономия: Apollo Service Module, Apollo Systems Manual

9) Ветеринария: American Society of Mammalogists

10) Металлургия: American Society for Metals

11) Оптика: ampere second meter

12) Сокращение: Administrative Support Manual (USPS), Advanced Sea Mine, Anti-Shipping Missile, Armored System Modernization (land-combat vehicles), Armored Systems Modernization program (US Army), Assamese, Automatic Sorting Machine (NP4000 will replace), assemble (auto manufacturing)

13) Университет: Actuarial Study Materials

14) Электроника: Adaptive Site Molecule, Advanced Semiconductor Materials

15) Вычислительная техника: Advanced Server Management (Acer), Association of Systems Management (organization)

16) Связь: Analog Subscriber Module

17) Космонавтика: Austrian Society for Aerospace Medicine and Life Sciences

18) Транспорт: Active Stability Management, Air Space Monitoring, Available Seat Mile

19) Экология: American Society for Microbiology

20) SAP. союз работодателей машиностроительной промышленности

21) Почта: Administrative Support Manual

22) Образование: Associated Students Of Madison

23) Полимеры: American Society of Metals, anion selective membrane

24) Автоматика: automatic screw machine

25) Лесопиление: автоматизированный бревнопильный станок с поворотным диском (automated swingblade mill)

26) Авиационная медицина: audiosonometry

27) Расширение файла: Assembly language source code file, Assembler language source (TASM, MASM)

28) Нефть и газ: Area Safety Monitor

29) Майкрософт: диспетчер нежелательной почты Antigen

30) Общественная организация: Autism Society of Michigan

31) Должность: Assistant Service Manager

32) Чат: Alt Support Marriage

33) Аэропорты: Asmara, Eritrea

34) Программное обеспечение: Aix San Manager, Application Switcher Manager

35) Единицы измерений: Available Seat Miles

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > asm
10 Chronology

15,000-3,000 BCE Paleolithic cultures in western Portugal.

400-200 BCE Greek and Carthaginian trade settlements on coast.

202 BCE Roman armies invade ancient Lusitania.

137 BCE Intensive Romanization of Lusitania begins.

410 CE Germanic tribes — Suevi and Visigoths—begin conquest of Roman Lusitania and Galicia.

714—16 Muslims begin conquest of Visigothic Lusitania.

1034 Christian Reconquest frontier reaches Mondego River.

1064 Christians conquer Coimbra.

1139 Burgundian Count Afonso Henriques proclaims himself king of Portugal; birth of Portugal. Battle of Ourique: Afonso Henriques defeats Muslims.

1147 With English Crusaders' help, Portuguese seize Lisbon from Muslims.

1179 Papacy formally recognizes Portugal's independence (Pope Alexander III).

1226 Campaign to reclaim Alentejo from Muslims begins.

1249 Last Muslim city (Silves) falls to Portuguese Army.

1381 Beginning of third war between Castile and Portugal.

1383 Master of Aviz, João, proclaimed regent by Lisbon populace.

1385 April: Master of Aviz, João I, proclaimed king of Portugal by Cortes of Coimbra. 14 August: Battle of Aljubarrota, Castilians defeated by royal forces, with assistance of English army.

1394 Birth of "Prince Henry the Navigator," son of King João I.

1415 Beginning of overseas expansion as Portugal captures Moroccan city of Ceuta.

1419 Discovery of Madeira Islands.

1425-28 Prince D. Pedro, older brother of Prince Henry, travels in Europe.

1427 Discovery (or rediscovery?) of Azores Islands.

1434 Prince Henry the Navigator's ships pass beyond Cape Bojador, West Africa.

1437 Disaster at Tangier, Morocco, as Portuguese fail to capture city.

1441 First African slaves from western Africa reach Portugal.

1460 Death of Prince Henry. Portuguese reach what is now Senegal, West Africa.

1470s Portuguese explore West African coast and reach what is now Ghana and Nigeria and begin colonizing islands of São Tomé and Príncipe.

1479 Treaty of Alcáçovas between kings of Portugal and Spain.

1482 Portuguese establish post at São Jorge da Mina, Gold Coast (now Ghana).

1482-83 Portuguese navigator Diogo Cão reaches mouth of Congo River and Angola.

1488 Navigator Bartolomeu Dias rounds Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, and finds route to Indian Ocean.

1492-93 Columbus's first voyage to West Indies.

1493 Columbus visits Azores and Portugal on return from first voyage; tells of discovery of New World. Treaty of Tordesillas signed between kings of Portugal and Spain: delimits spheres of conquest with line 370 leagues west of Cape Verde Islands (claimed by Portugal); Portugal's sphere to east of line includes, in effect, Brazil.

   King Manuel I and Royal Council decide to continue seeking all-water route around Africa to Asia.

   King Manuel I expels unconverted Jews from Portugal.

1497-99 Epic voyage of Vasco da Gama from Portugal around Africa to west India, successful completion of sea route to Asia project; da Gama returns to Portugal with samples of Asian spices.

1500 Bound for India, Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral "discovers" coast of Brazil and claims it for Portugal.

1506 Anti-Jewish riots in Lisbon.

   Battle of Diu, India; Portugal's command of Indian Ocean assured for some time with Francisco de Almeida's naval victory over Egyptian and Gujerati fleets.

   Afonso de Albuquerque conquers Goa, India; beginning of Portuguese hegemony in south Asia.

   Portuguese conquest of Malacca; commerce in Spice Islands.

1519 Magellan begins circumnavigation voyage.

1536 Inquisition begins in Portugal.

1543 Portuguese merchants reach Japan.

1557 Portuguese merchants granted Chinese territory of Macau for trading factory.

1572 Luís de Camões publishes epic poem, Os Lusíadas.

1578 Battle of Alcácer-Quivir; Moroccan forces defeat army of King Sebastião of Portugal; King Sebastião dies in battle. Portuguese succession crisis.

1580 King Phillip II of Spain claims and conquers Portugal; Spanish rule of Portugal, 1580-1640.

1607-24 Dutch conquer sections of Asia and Brazil formerly held by Portugal.

1640 1 December: Portuguese revolution in Lisbon overthrows Spanish rule, restores independence. Beginning of Portugal's Braganza royal dynasty.

1654 Following Dutch invasions and conquest of parts of Brazil and Angola, Dutch expelled by force.

1661 Anglo-Portuguese Alliance treaty signed: England pledges to defend Portugal "as if it were England itself." Queen Catherine of Bra-ganza marries England's Charles II.

1668 February: In Portuguese-Spanish peace treaty, Spain recognizes independence of Portugal, thus ending 28-year War of Restoration.

1703 Methuen Treaties signed, key commercial trade agreement and defense treaty between England and Portugal.

1750 Pombal becomes chief minister of King José I.

1755 1 November: Massive Lisbon earthquake, tidal wave, and fire.

1759 Expulsion of Jesuits from Portugal and colonies.

1761 Slavery abolished in continental Portugal.

1769 Abandonment of Mazagão, Morocco, last Portuguese outpost.

1777 Pombal dismissed as chief minister by Queen Maria I, after death of José I.

1791 Portugal and United States establish full diplomatic relations.

1807 November: First Napoleonic invasion; French forces under Junot conquer Portugal. Royal family flees to colony of Brazil and remains there until 1821.

1809 Second French invasion of Portugal under General Soult.

1811 Third French invasion of Portugal under General Masséna.

1813 Following British general Wellington's military victories, French forces evacuate Portugal.

1817 Liberal, constitutional movements against absolutist monarchist rule break out in Brazil (Pernambuco) and Portugal (Lisbon, under General Gomes Freire); crushed by government. British marshal of Portugal's army, Beresford, rules Portugal.

   Liberal insurrection in army officer corps breaks out in Cadiz, Spain, and influences similar movement in Portugal's armed forces first in Oporto.

   King João VI returns from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and early draft of constitution; era of constitutional monarchy begins.

1822 7 September: João VI's son Pedro proclaims independence of

   Brazil from Portugal and is named emperor. 23 September: Constitution of 1822 ratified.

   Portugal recognizes sovereign independence of Brazil.

   King João VI dies; power struggle for throne ensues between his sons, brothers Pedro and Miguel; Pedro, emperor of Brazil, abdicates Portuguese throne in favor of his daughter, D. Maria II, too young to assume crown. By agreement, Miguel, uncle of D. Maria, is to accept constitution and rule in her stead.

1828 Miguel takes throne and abolishes constitution. Sections of Portugal rebel against Miguelite rule.

1831 Emperor Pedro abdicates throne of Brazil and returns to Portugal to expel King Miguel from Portuguese throne.

1832-34 Civil war between absolutist King Miguel and constitutionalist Pedro, who abandons throne of Brazil to restore his young daughter Maria to throne of Portugal; Miguel's armed forces defeated by those of Pedro. Miguel leaves for exile and constitution (1826 Charter) is restored.

1834-53 Constitutional monarchy consolidated under rule of Queen Maria II, who dies in 1853.

1851-71 Regeneration period of economic development and political stability; public works projects sponsored by Minister Fontes Pereira de Melo.

1871-90 Rotativism period of alternating party governments; achieves political stability and less military intervention in politics and government. Expansion of colonial territory in tropical Africa.

   January: Following territorial dispute in central Africa, Britain delivers "Ultimatum" to Portugal demanding withdrawal of Portugal's forces from what is now Malawi and Zimbabwe. Portugal's government, humiliated in accepting demand under threat of a diplomatic break, falls. Beginning of governmental and political instability; monarchist decline and republicanism's rise.

   Anglo-Portuguese treaties signed relating to delimitation of frontiers in colonial Africa.

1899 Treaty of Windsor; renewal of Anglo-Portuguese defense and friendship alliance.

1903 Triumphal visit of King Edward VII to Portugal.

1906 Politician João Franco supported by King Carlos I in dictatorship to restore order and reform.

1908 1 February: Murder in Lisbon of King Carlos I and his heir apparent, Prince Dom Luís, by Portuguese anarchists. Eighteen-year-old King Manuel II assumes throne.

1910 3-5 October: Following republican-led military insurrection in armed forces, monarchy falls and first Portuguese republic is proclaimed. Beginning of unstable, economically troubled, parliamentary republic form of government.

   May: Violent insurrection in Lisbon overturns government of General Pimenta de Castro; nearly a thousand casualties from several days of armed combat in capital.

   March: Following Portugal's honoring ally Britain's request to confiscate German shipping in Portuguese harbors, Germany declares war on Portugal; Portugal enters World War I on Allied side.

   Portugal organizes and dispatches Portuguese Expeditionary Corps to fight on the Western Front. 9 April: Portuguese forces mauled by German offensive in Battle of Lys. Food rationing and riots in Lisbon. Portuguese military operations in Mozambique against German expedition's invasion from German East Africa. 5 December: Authoritarian, presidentialist government under Major Sidónio Pais takes power in Lisbon, following a successful military coup.

1918 11 November: Armistice brings cessation of hostilities on Western Front in World War I. Portuguese expeditionary forces stationed in Angola, Mozambique, and Flanders begin return trip to Portugal. 14 December: President Sidónio Pais assassinated. Chaotic period of ephemeral civil war ensues.

1919-21 Excessively unstable political period, including January

1919 abortive effort of Portuguese monarchists to restore Braganza dynasty to power. Republican forces prevail, but level of public violence, economic distress, and deprivation remains high.

1921 October: Political violence attains peak with murder of former prime minister and other prominent political figures in Lisbon. Sectors of armed forces and Guarda Nacional Republicana are mutinous. Year of financial and corruption scandals, including Portuguese bank note (fraud) case; military court acquits guilty military insurrectionists, and one military judge declares "the country is sick."

   28 May: Republic overthrown by military coup or pronunciamento and conspiracy among officer corps. Parliament's doors locked and parliament closed for nearly nine years to January 1935. End of parliamentary republic, Western Europe's most unstable political system in this century, beginning of the Portuguese dictatorship, after 1930 known as the Estado Novo. Officer corps assumes reins of government, initiates military censorship of the press, and suppresses opposition.

   February: Military dictatorship under General Óscar Carmona crushes failed republican armed insurrection in Oporto and Lisbon.

   April: Military dictatorship names Professor Antônio de Oliveira Salazar minister of finance, with dictatorial powers over budget, to stabilize finances and rebuild economy. Insurrectionism among military elements continues into 1931.

1930 Dr. Salazar named minister for colonies and announces balanced budgets. Salazar consolidates support by various means, including creation of official regime "movement," the National Union. Salazar engineers Colonial Act to ensure Lisbon's control of bankrupt African colonies by means of new fiscal controls and centralization of authority. July: Military dictatorship names Salazar prime minister for first time, and cabinet composition undergoes civilianization; academic colleagues and protégés plan conservative reform and rejuvenation of society, polity, and economy. Regime comes to be called the Estado Novo (New State). New State's constitution ratified by new parliament, the National Assembly; Portugal described in document as "unitary, corporative Republic" and governance influenced by Salazar's stern personality and doctrines such as integralism, Catholicism, and fiscal conservatism.

1936 Violent instability and ensuing civil war in neighboring Spain, soon internationalized by fascist and communist intervention, shake Estado Novo regime. Pseudofascist period of regime features creation of imitation Fascist institutions to defend regime from leftist threats; Portugal institutes "Portuguese Youth" and "Portuguese Legion."

1939 3 September: Prime Minister Salazar declares Portugal's neutrality in World War II. October: Anglo-Portuguese agreement grants naval and air base facilities to Britain and later to United States for Battle of the Atlantic and Normandy invasion support. Third Reich protests breach of Portugal's neutrality.

   6 June: On day of Allies' Normandy invasion, Portugal suspends mining and export of wolfram ore to both sides in war.

   8 May: Popular celebrations of Allied victory and Fascist defeat in Lisbon and Oporto coincide with Victory in Europe Day. Following managed elections for Estado Novo's National Assembly in November, regime police, renamed PIDE, with increased powers, represses opposition.

1947 Abortive military coup in central Portugal easily crushed by regime. Independence of India and initiation of Indian protests against Portuguese colonial rule in Goa and other enclaves.

1949 Portugal becomes founding member of NATO.

1951 Portugal alters constitution and renames overseas colonies "Overseas Provinces." Portugal and United States sign military base agreements for use of air and naval facilities in Azores Islands and military aid to Lisbon. President Carmona dies in office, succeeded by General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58). July: Indians occupy enclave of Portuguese India (dependency of Damão) by means of passive resistance movement. August: Indian passive resistance movement in Portuguese India repelled by Portuguese forces with loss of life. December: With U.S. backing, Portugal admitted as member of United Nations (along with Spain). Air force general Humberto Delgado, in opposition, challenges Estado Novo's hand-picked successor to Craveiro Lopes, Admiral Américo Tomás. Delgado rallies coalition of democratic, liberal, and communist opposition but loses rigged election and later flees to exile in Brazil. Portugal joins European Free Trade Association (EFTA).

   January and February: Estado Novo rocked by armed African insurrection in northern Angola, crushed by armed forces. Hijacking of Portuguese ocean liner by ally of Delgado, Captain Henrique Galvão. April: Salazar defeats attempted military coup and reshuffles cabinet with group of younger figures who seek to reform colonial rule and strengthen the regime's image abroad. 18 December: Indian army rapidly defeats Portugal's defense force in Goa, Damão, and Diu and incorporates Portugal's Indian possessions into Indian Union. January: Abortive military coup in Beja, Portugal.

1965 February: General Delgado and his Brazilian secretary murdered and secretly buried near Spanish frontier by political police, PIDE.

1968 August and September: Prime Minister Salazar, aged 79, suffers crippling stoke. President Tomás names former cabinet officer Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor. Caetano institutes modest reforms in Portugal and overseas.

1971 Caetano government ratifies amended constitution that allows slight devolution and autonomy to overseas provinces in Africa and Asia. Right-wing loyalists oppose reforms in Portugal. 25 April: Military coup engineered by Armed Forces Movement overthrows Estado Novo and establishes provisional government emphasizing democratization, development, and decolonization. Limited resistance by loyalists. President Tomás and Premier Caetano flown to exile first in Madeira and then in Brazil. General Spínola appointed president. September: Revolution moves to left, as President Spínola, thwarted in his program, resigns.

   March: Military coup by conservative forces fails, and leftist response includes nationalization of major portion of economy. Polarization between forces and parties of left and right. 25 November: Military coup by moderate military elements thwarts leftist forces. Constituent Assembly prepares constitution. Revolution moves from left to center and then right.

   March: Constitution ratified by Assembly of the Republic. 25 April: Second general legislative election gives largest share of seats to Socialist Party (PS). Former oppositionist lawyer, Mário Soares, elected deputy and named prime minister.

1977-85 Political pendulum of democratic Portugal moves from center-left to center-right, as Social Democratic Party (PSD) increases hold on assembly and take office under Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. July

1985 elections give edge to PSD who advocate strong free-enterprise measures and revision of leftist-generated 1976 Constitution, amended modestly in 1982.

1986 January: Portugal joins European Economic Community (EEC).

1987 July: General, legislative elections for assembly give more than 50 percent to PSD led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. For first time, since 1974, Portugal has a working majority government.

1989 June: Following revisions of 1976 Constitution, reprivatization of economy begins, under PS government.

   January: Presidential elections, Mário Soares reelected for second term. July: General, legislative elections for assembly result in new PSD victory and majority government.

   January-July: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Economic Community (EEC). December: Tariff barriers fall as fully integrated Common Market established in the EEC.

   November: Treaty of Maastricht comes into force. The EEC officially becomes the European Union (EU). Portugal is signatory with 11 other member-nations.

   October: General, legislative elections for assembly result in PS victory and naming of Prime Minister Guterres. PS replace PSD as leading political party. November: Excavations for Lisbon bank uncover ancient Phoenician, Roman, and Christian ruins.

   January: General, presidential elections; socialist Jorge Sampaio defeats PSD's Cavaco Silva and assumes presidency from Dr. Mário Soares. July: Community of Portuguese Languages Countries (CPLP) cofounded by Portugal and Brazil.

   May-September: Expo '98 held in Lisbon. Opening of Vasco da Gama Bridge across Tagus River, Europe's longest (17 kilometers/ 11 miles). June: National referendum on abortion law change defeated after low voter turnout. November: National referendum on regionaliza-tion and devolution of power defeated after another low voter turnout.

   October: General, legislative elections: PS victory over PSD lacks clear majority in parliament. Following East Timor referendum, which votes for independence and withdrawal of Indonesia, outburst of popular outrage in streets, media, and communications of Portugal approves armed intervention and administration of United Nations (and withdrawal of Indonesia) in East Timor. Portugal and Indonesia restore diplomatic relations. December: A Special Territory since 1975, Colony of Macau transferred to sovereignty of People's Republic of China.

   January-June: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the EU; end of Discoveries Historical Commemoration Cycle (1988-2000).

   United Nations forces continue to occupy and administer former colony of East Timor, with Portugal's approval.

   January: General, presidential elections; PS president Sampaio reelected for second term. City of Oporto, "European City of Culture" for the year, hosts arts festival. December: Municipal elections: PSD defeats PS; socialist prime minister Guterres resigns; President Sampaio calls March parliamentary elections.

   1 January: Portugal enters single European Currency system. Euro currency adopted and ceases use of former national currency, the escudo. March: Parliamentary elections; PSD defeats PS and José Durão Barroso becomes prime minister. Military modernization law passed. Portugal holds chairmanship of Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).

   May: Municipal law passed permitting municipalities to reorganize in new ways.

   June: Prime Minister Durão Barroso, invited to succeed Romano Prodi as president of EU Commission, resigns. Pedro Santana Lopes becomes prime minister. European Parliament elections held. Conscription for national service in army and navy ended. Mass grave uncovered at Academy of Sciences Museum, Lisbon, revealing remains of several thousand victims of Lisbon earthquake, 1755.

   February: Parliamentary elections; PS defeats PSD, socialists win first absolute majority in parliament since 1975. José Sócrates becomes prime minister.

   January: Presidential elections; PSD candidate Aníbal Cavaco Silva elected and assumes presidency from Jorge Sampaio. Portugal's national soccer team ranked 7th out of 205 countries by international soccer association. European Union's Bologna Process in educational reform initiated in Portugal.

   July-December: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Union. For reasons of economy, Portugal announces closure of many consulates, especially in France and the eastern US. Government begins official inspections of private institutions of higher education, following scandals.

2008 January: Prime Minister Sócrates announces location of new Lisbon area airport as Alcochete, on south bank of Tagus River, site of air force shooting range. February: Portuguese Army begins to receive new modern battle tanks (Leopard 2 A6). March: Mass protest of 85,000 public school (primary and secondary levels) teachers in Lisbon schools dispute recent educational policies of minister of education and prime minister.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > Chronology

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